The Clinical Challenge of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: JACC Focus Seminar 3/4 (JACC April 2024-2)-Article: The Clinical Challenge of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: JACC Focus Seminar 3/4

Article: The Clinical Challenge of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: JACC Focus Seminar 3/4

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Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a life-threatening condition that has seen an increase in incidence, particularly in older populations and patients with transcatheter-implanted valves. Advancements in diagnostic techniques and the involvement of multidisciplinary teams have improved the sensitivity of diagnosing and managing PVE. Patients with PVE may choose surgical or non-surgical interventions, and antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedures is recommended. Imaging modalities play a crucial role in diagnosis, with medical management now allowing for at-home antibiotic treatment in some cases. Transcatheter interventions can be considered for severe valvular dysfunction in select patients. Careful evaluation of surgical outcomes and mortality rates is essential in PVE cases. Overall, a comprehensive approach involving timely diagnosis, effective management, and individualized treatment plans is crucial for improving outcomes. Antibiotic treatment, surgical intervention when necessary, and prevention strategies are highlighted as key factors in managing PVE and reducing associated risks. Further research and advancements are needed to enhance PVE management and outcomes.

Keywords

Prosthetic valve endocarditis

PVE

transcatheter-implanted valves

diagnostic techniques

multidisciplinary teams

surgical interventions

non-surgical interventions

antibiotic prophylaxis

imaging modalities

transcatheter interventions