Hemodynamic optimization may increase benefit from CRT. Typically, maximal left ventricular (LV) pressure rise dP/dt_max is used as an index of ventricular performance. Alternatively, SW can be derived from pressure–volume (PV) loops.

Editor-in-Chief
David J. Wilber, MD, FACC

CME Editor
Smit Vasaiwala, MD

Author
Smit Vasaiwala, MD

CME Information
Target Audience
JACC Journal CME is intended for physicians who treat patients with cardiovascular disease.

Important Dates
Date of Release: September 16, 2019
Term of Approval/Date of CME/MOC/ECME Expiration: September 15, 2020

Learner Objectives
After reading this article the reader should be able to:

• Discuss invasive methods of hemodynamic testing for cardiac resynchronization therapy optimization.
• Discuss the advantages of stroke volume–guided optimization over left ventricular (LV) pressure-based optimization.
• Discuss the long-term benefits of invasive LV optimization.

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